{"id":1774,"date":"2017-12-25T06:43:23","date_gmt":"2017-12-25T06:43:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.dekuzu.com\/en\/?p=1774"},"modified":"2018-02-20T16:45:50","modified_gmt":"2018-02-20T16:45:50","slug":"third-edition-of-usa-copyright-office-compendium-collective-works","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dekuzu.com\/en\/2017\/12\/third-edition-of-usa-copyright-office-compendium-collective-works.html","title":{"rendered":"Third edition of USA copyright office compendium \u2013 collective works"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">A collective work is a type of compilation. The Copyright Act defines a collective work as \u201ca work, such as a periodical issue, anthology, or encyclopedia, in which a number of contributions, constituting separate and independent works in themselves, are assembled into a collective whole.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">Collective works are subject to the statutory requirements for compilations: there must be a sufficiently creative selection, coordination, or arrangement of the component works to establish a collective work. Creating a collective work requires the \u201cassemblage or gathering of \u2018separate and independent works\u2026 into a collective whole.\u2019\u201d In other words, collective works contain two distinct forms of authorship:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The compilation authorship in creating the collective work, which involves selecting, coordinating, and\/or arranging a number of separate and independent works and assembling them into a collective whole; and<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The authorship in the separate and independent works included within the collective work, such as an article that appears in a periodical issue or a poem that appears in an anthology.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">An applicant may register a collective work together with the separate and independent works contained therein (i) if the copyright in the collective work and the component works are owned by the same claimant, and (ii) if the component works have not been previously published, previously registered, and are not in the public domain.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">By <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dekuzu.com\/en\/docs\/Third_edition_of_USA_copyright_office_compendium.pdf\">definition<\/a>\u00a0(<a href=\"http:\/\/www.dekuzu.com\/en\/docs\/Draft_third_edition_of_USA_copyright_office_compendium.pdf\">draft<\/a>), a collective work must contain \u201ca number of contributions.\u201d A work that contains \u201crelatively few separate elements\u201d does not satisfy this requirement, such as a work containing a single contribution, a composition that merely consists of words and music, a publication that merely combines a single work with illustrations or front matter, or a publication that merely contains three one-act plays. As a general rule, a contribution that is \u201cincorporated in a \u2018collective work\u2019 must itself constitute a \u2018separate and independent\u2019 work.\u201d In other words, a contribution must be an original work of authorship that is eligible for copyright protection under Section 102(a) of the Copyright Act, regardless of whether that contribution is currently protected or whether the copyright in that contribution has expired.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">The \u201ccopyright in each separate contribution to a collective work is distinct from copyright in the collective work as a whole.\u201d The \u201ccopyright in the separate contribution \u2018vests initially in the author of the contribution.\u2019\u201d The \u201ccopyright in the collective work vests in the collective author\u201d and it \u201cextends only to the creative material contributed by that author, not to \u2018the preexisting material employed in the work.\u2019\u201d Specifically, the copyright in the collective work \u201cextends to the elements of compilation and editing that went into creating the collective work as a whole.\u201d In addition, it extends to \u201cthe contributions that were written for hire by employees of the owner of the collective work, and those copyrighted contributions that have been transferred in writing to the owner by their authors.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">An applicant may register a collective work together with the contributions contained therein (i) if the contributions and the collective work were created by the same author, or (ii) if the copyright in the contributions and the collective work are owned by the same claimant, (iii) provided that the contributions and the collective work have not been previously published or previously registered, and provided that they are not in the public domain. If the owner of the collective work does not own all rights in the copyright for a particular contribution, that party cannot register a claim to copyright in that contribution. Instead, the contribution must be registered individually by or on behalf of the author of the contribution or the party that owns the copyright in that work.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;\">If a collective work contains an appreciable amount of unclaimable material, the applicant generally should limit the claim to the new material that the author contributed to the work and the unclaimable material should be excluded from the claim. The author of a collective work may claim copyright in an original selection, coordination, and\/or arrangement of preexisting material, provided that the material has been used in a lawful manner. Section 103(a) of the Copyright Act states that the copyright in a compilation \u201cdoes not extend to any part of the work\u201d that \u201cunlawfully\u201d uses preexisting material, and as discussed above, the term \u201ccompilation\u201d includes collective works.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A collective work is a type of compilation. The Copyright Act defines a collective work as \u201ca work, such as a periodical issue, anthology, or encyclopedia, in which a number of contributions, constituting separate and independent works in themselves, are<\/p>\n<div class=\"more-link-wrapper\"><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dekuzu.com\/en\/2017\/12\/third-edition-of-usa-copyright-office-compendium-collective-works.html\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Third edition of USA copyright office compendium \u2013 collective works<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,6,18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1774","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-copyright","category-intellectual-property","category-law","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dekuzu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1774","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dekuzu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dekuzu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dekuzu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dekuzu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1774"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.dekuzu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1774\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dekuzu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1774"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dekuzu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1774"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dekuzu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1774"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}